Wine is an Alcoholic beverage obtain from the fermentation of juice of freshly gathered grapes
Wines are broadly classified as follows
Table wines or Still wines
Fortified wines
Aromatised wines {Vermouths}
Sparkling wines
Classification of Wines
Table Wines
They are classified into three wines
1.Red Wines
2.White Wines
3.Rose Wines
Defining Red Wines
#Unlike white wines , reds do not have varied degrees of sweetness .
#They are almost exclusive dry
#Range from light to full bodied , with distinctive taste .
#To Produce from red wines, grapes are crushed , not pressed.
#Skin is left with juice during fermentation Contains 9-14% alcohol , and the taste ranges from very dry to very sweet .
#The service temperature of red wine is 16-18 degrees centigrade.
#Consumed more than white wines.
Defining White Wine
#Light and delicate in flavour , goes well with seafood and lightly flavoured food as rich food overpowers their taste.
#The Grapes are pressed and the juice is drawn off immediately without the skins in to the cask for fermentation.
#Sweet white wines : The sugar content is very high , hence are preferred at the end of the meal.
#They contain 9-14% alcohol , and the taste ranges from very dry to very sweet .
#The Service temperature of white wine is 11-13 degrees centigrade.
Defining Rose Wine
#These are Produced exactly as red wine except that wine is drawn off from the fermenting red grapes after 2-3 days when enough red colour has been absorbed by the wine to give it a pink tinge
#They contain9-14% of alcohol , and the taste ranges from very dry to very sweet .
#The Service temperature of Rose wines is 13- 16 degree centigrade
Defining Sparkling Wine
#The most famous one is Champagne. This is made by the methode champenoise {second fermentation in the bottle } in the Champagne region of northeastern France .
#Effervescent wines made outside the Champagne region called sparkling wines.
#Sparkling wines are made in France , Spain , Italy , America , Australia and many other countries.
#Sparkling wines vary in their sweetness
Brut { very dry }
Sec { medium dry }
Demi Sec { medium sweet}
Doux { sweet }
#Semi Sparkling wines are known by the term ‘perlant’
#Service temperature for sparkling wine is 7-10 degrees centigrade
Wine Production
1.The grapes or vines need a temperature climate .
2.The grapes are at their best when the soil is sandy , rocky , and has lime in it.
3.When the grapes are ripe , their natural acid decreases and their sugar contents increases.
4.A black grape turns from green to dark red and white grapes turn from green to yellow .
5.The grapes which has developed on the vine for about 100 degree days* after flowering , is made up of skin , pulp , stalks , pips .
6.The person who takes care of viticulture is called a viticulturist.
Grapes:-
A. Stalk :
This thin stalk provides the grape with its nutrients .It provides tannic acids, which gives body and keeping quality to the wine
B. Skin :
The skin of the grapes is what gives it its colour .Grape skins have tannins and potassium in them , as well as various flavour components
C. Seed:
Seeds are discarded with the skins and other parts when a wine is done fermenting , but they do contain tannins and can often add to the tannic quality of a wine .
D.Flesh or Pulp
on almost every grape used for wine making, the pulp is a grey – yellow colour . This is what really makes a wine .
Nutrient Content
$ Pulp contains 70 to 80 % water
$ 10 to 25 % sugar {dextrose , glucose,laevulose , fructose}
$ 5 to 6 % acid { Malic ,tanic,citric acids}
